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1. Typical stunted black spruce on permafrost.
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2. Late July photo showing struggling black
spruce trees. Young spruce in foreground has
new cones near the top with smaller dried
male cones below.
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3. Late May photo of a robust pair of black spruce
growing in an area of discontinuous permafrost.
Buds in the treetops will soon produce new
cones and stems with needles.
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4. Twin-topped black spruce with cones.
Note the extra stem on the left visible in the
large photo
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5. There are cones from several years present
in this treetop photographed in late may
including unopened cones from last year.
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6. A young black spruce in a favorable location
with old cones, male cones (red) at an early
stage and leaf buds.
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7. Black spruce surrounded by paper birches
in an area not subject to permafrost.
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8. Closer view of the spruce at
the left with
female cones especially at the top. There are
a few of the smaller male cones near the bottom
of the photo
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9. Extreme telephoto shot of the top of the
spruce at the left.
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10. Female cone just out of bud stage
surrounded by older cones.
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11. Female cones with bud scales clinging
to some. Also leaf buds.
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12. Female cones just out of the bud stage above
with an area of male cones below.
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13. Female cones and leaf buds in mid-June.
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14. Male cones in mid-June.
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15. Male Cones with pollen in mid-june.
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16. An older photo of the male spruce cone
opening. The red color will fade.
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17. Branch with male cones and last year's
mature female cones below.
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18. Female cones with dripping sap in late
June. The new needles have not yet spread.
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19. Male and Female cones on a side branch.
In this case the male cone is above the
female and has begun to dry.
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20. Late August picture of mature cones. Note
cones at end of branch lower on tree.
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21. Closeup photo of cones on tree at left.
Dark mature cones are typical of this species.
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22. Young black spruce growing in thin layer
of soil above granite bedrock. Note strange
cone-like structure at mid-left.
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23. Similiar discoloration on what appear to be
leaf buds.
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24. Closeup of affected cone-like structure and
affected leaf bud below.
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25. Closeup of affected bud
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26. Normal expanding leaf buds.
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27. This is a frame from a Quicktime
movie
taken after tapping one of these affected buds.
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29. Late May view of the "witch's broom".
This broom is dead, there are no buds.
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30. Mid-June view of an active "Witch's
broom"
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31. The fungus is just beginning to affect the
buds. Needles will form, the rust will cover
them and they will fall off.
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32. View of the entire active "broom"
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33. Late July photo of Spindly dying spruce
with a healthy spruce in the background.
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34. Cone from healthy tree in front of dying
tree. Note the difference in size.
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35. Late September photo, the needles have
turned white and have fallen from the tree.
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36. Top: a cone from the healthy spruce.
Bottom: cones from the dying spruce,
decreasing in age from left to right.
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37. Spruce pitch leaking from a damaged
area on a tree.
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38. May 14, 2009. A very young black spruce.
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39. February 28, 2009. Unopened Female cones
from 2008 with the remains of the male cones
on the lower branches.
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